Mu Isi ya none ntibitangaje kuba wahura n’umuntu akakumvisha ko atacyumva radiyo cyangwa ngo arebe televiziyo, ko amakuru yose ayashakira kuri YouTube, ko imbuga nkoranyambaga nka Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp bimuhagije. Ese byashoboka ko televiziyo yo muri ‘salon’, radiyo imwe ivugira kuri FM cyangwa ibinyamakuru byo ku mpapuro byaba biri mu marembera? Izi mpaka unazisangana abanyamakuru muri rusange, abashaka kurishoramo, inama zihuza abahanga mu itangazamakuru ndetse n’abarikurikira.
Kuva Isi yaremwa, uko ibihe bihora bisimburana, ni na ko udushya duhora duhangwa ku buryo abavutse basanga imihanda yaraharuwe bagira ngo n iko byahoze ariko na bo mu mikurire yabo bagenda babona ibishya batasanze; uko ni ko byagiye binagenda mu mwuga wo gutangaza amakuru.
Itangazamakuru ryo ku mpapuro ricyaduka mu myaka 200 ishize hari abumvaga ari yo tekinoloji ya nyuma Isi igezeho kuko abantu bari baruhutse kumenya amakuru ashingiye ku bimenyetso n’amagambo gusa. Mu myaka 100 ishize Radio FM na SW ivumbuwe, benshi bumva ibitangazamakuru byandika ibyabyo birangiye.
Gusa, si ko byagenze kuko radiyo itasenye itangazamakuru ryandika, ahubwo byabayeho bituranye, byuzuzanya buri cyose gikora ibyacyo. Ni na ko byagenze televisiyo ivumbuwe. Abibazaga ko Radio n’ibinyamakuru bigeye gucika si ko byagenze. Byabayeho bituranye bidatongana ahubwo byuzuzanya kuko buri gitangazamakuru gifite umwihariko wacyo.
Kuba byarabayeho byuzuzanya, uku ni na ko mbona ko itangazamakuru ryubakiye kuri murandasi ritazatuma ibitangazamakuru gakondo bicika. Gusa nabyo hari icyo bisabwa kuko isi uko izunguruka, muntu agomba kuzungurukana nayo ngo itamusiga. Televiziyo cyangwa radiyo uko byakoraga muri 1970 si ko yakora ubu kuko ibihe n’abantu byarahindutse.
Ibitangazamakuru bisanzwe ndetse n’ibivuka bishingiye kuri murandasi byose bizakomeza kubaho byuzuzanya kuko buri kimwe gifite umumaro wihariye ndetse n’abakiriya bihariye. Mu itangazamakuru hari ibintu byitwa “convergeance” bivuze ko ibitangazamakuru gakondo bigomba kwinjiza ikoranabuhanga n’ imbuga nkoranyambuga mu mikorere yabyo.
Television ikanagira umuyoboro wa YouTube, live Twitter, Facebook n’ibindi, radiyo bikaba uko ndetse n’ibyandika, mbese bikegera abakiriya kuko isi ya none umugenerwabikorwa agomba gusangwa aho ari: Nimba ufite radiyo ntutegereze abakumvira ku karadio ko ku musego ukamenya n’abazakumvira kuri telefoni, mu modoka, kuri murandasi n’ahandi.
Kugeza ubu ibitangazamakuru gakondo biracyafitiwe icyizere kurenza imbuga nkoranyambaga kuburyo n’uzibonyeho amakuru ategereza ko radiyo cyangwa televiziyo zibivuga kugirango abyizere by’ukuri kuko nubwo imbuga nkoranyambaga zihutisha amakuru ariko ni n’umuyoboro w’ibihuha ku buryo abatabifitemo ubushishozi zibayobya.
Ikindi kubera bigoye gucunga imbuga nkoranyambuga, ibihugu byinshi ntibirafata imbuga nkoranyambuga nk’itangazamakuru, kuburyo ubikoreyeho amakosa cg ibyaha aburakirengera nkuko abanyamakuru b’umwuga bigenda. No mu Rwanda izi ngero zirahari. Hari abakoreye ibyaha mu mbuga nkoranyambaga biyita abanyamakuru, aho amategeko abagongeye babura kirengera kuko badafatwa nk’abanyamakuru b’umwuga.
Gusa nubwo iki gitekerezo cyanjye kirema agatima abakora itangazamakuru nakita gakondo, ntibagomba kwirara nkuko nabivuze hejuru kuko aho iri tangazamakuru ryakuraga ubushobozi hatagihari. Ariko byashoboka kuyakura mu mbuga nkoranyambuga zabo (hari umuyobozi w’igitangazamakuru cya radiyo wambwiye ko nubwo amafranga yo kwamamaza yagabanutse ariko aya views ya YouTube channel yabo aziba icyo cyuho).
Mu gusoza ubu busesenguzi navuga ko uko isi yihuta muri tekinoloji bizasaba ko n’imyuga myinshi igendana n’ibigenzweho ariko batiranguza, kugirango abayikora bashobore kuguma ku isoko. Ibi ntibireba itangazamakuru bireba n’indi myuga kuko ikoranabuhanga uko ryihuta tugomba kugendana naryo.
HAGABIMANA Eugène / Umwalimu w’Itangazamakuru n’Itumanaho muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda